A midsummer days nightmare

A midsummer days nightmare Executive Summary The ability of managers to balance between employees’ personal demands and business established policies forms the most critical aspect in determining the levels of productivity and profitability that can be assimilated. This requires the human resources managers to ensure that the best practices are assimilated in dealing with workers at all times to guarantee their commitment.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on A midsummer days’ nightmare specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The case study in this paper presents a situation where an individual with little leadership and management skills is charged with the role of managing a restaurant. Consequently, issues of coordinating activities coupled with other factors like limited workforce and resources makes the smooth operation of the business to become elusive. The capacity to reflect successful leadership and management concepts in resta urant management stems from understanding work requirements, being professional, devising an acceptable vision, and challenging normal practice for the purpose of adding value and redefining existing culture in restaurant practices in order to anchor continued development. Effective leadership and management in a restaurant therefore form the most critical elements that dictate strategic approaches and effectiveness in meeting restaurant business missions and objectives. To overcome the challenge facing this business, there is need for training and development of the existing leaders and other works as this will sharpen the workforce and create a forward force that will enable the restaurant to move forward. Introduction The capacity to reflect successful leadership and management concepts in restaurant management stems from understanding work requirements, being professional, devising an acceptable vision, and challenging normal practice for the purpose of adding value and redefini ng existing culture in restaurant practices in order to anchor continued development. DiPietro et al (2007) posit that a leader in a restaurant must have the correct attributes and unique skills as well as characteristics that accompany them. As this paper analyses, leadership is the greatest factor that determines success or failure of an institution because it determines the focus, motivates lower level employees and ultimately links objective to success. This paper is an in-depth evaluation of a case study of leadership and management at a fast food restaurant to determine management issues. Besides, it evaluates management problems in the restaurant and concludes by offering recommendations and strategic action plans of addressing the situation that was faces the leader.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Background and statement of the problem Effective lead ership and management in a restaurant form the most critical elements that dictate strategic approaches and effectiveness in meeting restaurant business missions and objectives. The ability to realize high employees’ motivation, high productivity and eventual excellent consumer value and satisfaction demands careful articulation of human resource management principles that entails reducing their weaknesses while maximizing their strengths (Kimes, 2005). From the case study, the restaurant leadership has received immense pressure to improve performance from its top management. However, there are numerous factors that present major problems to the realization of effective management. One of the major problems presented in the case is lack of training and professionalism in leadership of the restaurant as the mentioned leader mwpand other leaders have been put quickly promoted to positions of leadership without adequate knowledge of the roles they are supposed to carry (Sawyer Melnyk, 2003). This does not only force the unskilled leadership to frequently refer to guidelines and manuals for directions, but the roles also pose as burdens on their shoulders. Besides, human resource management is a major issue in the restaurant as there is no proper coordination of activities necessary to foster change, enhance motivation, recruitments and smooth functioning of activities. Waller (2006) posits that the department and profession that plays one of the most important roles in any organization is the human resource department because it deals with workers, their motivation, appraisal and strategic focus that determines the overall productivity and profitability of any institution. Human resources departments are very crucial in their work because they link an organization with its visions because it is indeed the workers and employees who define the application of respective organization policies (Ofori, 2008). Situation analysis- internal environment and externa l environment Kimes (2005) points out that SWOT analysis is one of the best systems of analysing a company’s status and therefore determines its ability to progress in the market profitably. It explores a company from an internal consideration while gauging its external preparedness to address the different problems. Indeed, the ability of any business enterprise to grow lies in its capacity to maximally enhance its strengths and utilize the available opportunities while addressing the weaknesses and effectively countering the threats. Internal factors Strengths The restaurant’s mission, goals, and objectives are very clear as the major guiding tools for its development and growth. As indicated in the case study, the companys top management saw a rich niche of leadership among its workers upon which they could utilize as an entrepreneurial opportunity.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on A midsummer days’ nightmare specifically for yo u for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With all the other types of foods were being offered in the market and to customers, the mission to offer good menu was actually a major element of strength. Besides, the restaurant has also managed to grow due to the ability of the co-founders to assimilate recipes that are highly authentic and nutritious to the consumers. As a marketing and sustainability strategy, this notion is able to bring and maintain consumers to the restaurants products. The other strength the restaurant is that it has product offerings that are unique and of excellent quality. The company has a unique corporate culture and offers its customers efficient services. This gives it a high reputation in the market. Team orientation The performance of small groups within an organisation is a key ingredient to the overall output of the entire organisation (Kimes Thompson, 2004). Hence, the success of any organisation heavily relies on the individual output o f small teams that constitute departments or divisions within an organisation. Increased productivity has been directly linked to group efficacy in an organisation. Besides, there are other group dynamics elated to group efficacy that may also contribute positively to the growth of an organisation. Most studies have also revealed that group dynamics derive a lot of benefit from efficacy and the overall effectiveness of a group (Kimes Thompson, 2004). Although leadership style in an organisation is paramount in driving groups, leadership satisfaction may not necessarily be affected by group efficacy. In this restaurant, despite poor leadership, there is team orientation, a concept of team building that can be described as an organizational behaviour and practice that attempts to bring employees together as one cohesive team that works to achieve a common objective or goal. Weaknesses The ability to identify and establish modes of addressing the different weaknesses in any company o r business unit, acts as a rotating framework upon which growth and development can be inferred (Waller, 2006). Ogunlana (2008) explains that all business units posses various weaknesses that determine their overall ability to achieve the necessary productivity and profitability.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While the ability to select the correct and professional leaders who share the same vision and are strongly entrepreneurial oriented is a key facet in enhancing faster growth and adaptability of a restaurant business unit to assimilate the necessary growth with time, the restaurant management selected untrained and inexperienced leaders to manage the business’ operations. Indeed, bad choice of business leadership has acted as a major setback for the restaurant and a major point for its near downfall. Besides, another distressful weakness that the restaurant has is adapting faster to the ever changing needs of a restaurant operations. The management of the restaurant lacks proper coordination and communication necessary to ensure smooth flow of operation and provision of necessary resources. Opportunities According to Kimes (2005), the most important aspects of any business entity is its management ability to identify the different opportunities that face it at different peri ods. The restaurant has numerous opportunities in the hospitality business arena to enhance provision of services and quality food stuff. Being a restaurant that served its customers for several years and has made tremendous advances in terms of products and services, it has more time to prepare, analyze the external environment and set strategies for future changes. In addition, the business has competencies that include a team of workers who are self motivated which it can use to enhance provision of services in the market. Threats Like other restaurants in today’s economy, this restaurant faces numerous threats that affect its performance in the hospitality industry. One such threat concerns limited resources to use to improve its products and business operations. From the case study, it is depending on old and worn out machineries to preserve and prepare food stuff. Deficiency of resources is a threat to this restaurant as it may make it less competitive and lose its hold of customers in the market. Consequently, its competitors who are equally stronger will take its position in the market. Besides, another threat is its leadership which is less trained and lacks professional experience to run restaurant operations (Sawyer Melnyk, 2003). This problem is compounded by the fact that other core leaders have neglected their roles and instead left the running of the restaurant to less skilled leaders. The effect of this threat is that the effectiveness of service provision, human resource management as well as customer service will diminish. This calls for the leadership of the restaurant to change its tactics and set new management strategies. External factors Economic factor One of the economic factors affecting the restaurant is the trade cycle that Kimes and Thompson (2004) describe as the fluctuation of cost of commodities or goods in an economy. Accessing food materials and resources such as refrigerators and cooking materials due to their cost a re some of the challenges that the restaurant face due to the rise, fall, stability and continuity of cost of products. It is imperative to note that trade cycles is a changing factor that impacts on any business in an economy due to changes in general price level. Analysis of alternatives Offer training and install new machineries In his publication, Kimes (2005) points out that all institutions whether profit or not for profit seek to grow and meet their outlaid perspectives. This has however been a great challenge with many institutions as their leaders and workers lack adequate training resulting to losses or suboptimal profitability. Training and development therefore becomes so critical to all organizations because so critical because it determines the ability of an organization to remain in its vision objectives (Yun, Cox Sims, 2006). As case brought it, lack of training for the promoted leaders made their work and the smooth running of the business cumbersome. Training and development will sharpen the workforce and create a forward force that enables an organization to move forward. This is in line with John Kotter’s theory of change management which posits that workers are the driving forces for their institutions (de Vries, Bakker-pieper, Oostenveld, 2010). The top management of the restaurant should train workers to create the innovativeness edge sharp enough for higher profitability, innovativeness and and provision of better quality products and services. Establish supportive structures In his theory of organization change, Kurt Lewin pointed out that there is need to establish the necessary supportive structures that cultivate the need for change demands (Ogunlana, 2008). The theory points out that that organizations leadership has a role in provision of the necessary goodwill that brings down the management to the workers levels (de Vries, Bakker-pieper, Oostenveld, 2010). It is worth noting that over the years, the need for change in managing restaurants has risen at different instances especially with the rising levels of competition and fast changing business environment. It became clear from the case study that management problems will always call for major and minor changes that directly or indirectly impact of the restaurant. It is in this respect that this calls for long term critical thinking as a basis for management decision making at all times. Recommendations, implementation (Action plan) and conclusion In the theory of cultural dynamics, the overall ability of an organization to assimilate change and maintain the same consideration is through careful inclusion of the workers into the change demands which carves their necessary identity (Alimo-Metcalfe et al., 2008). The theory continues to say that though the management acts as the major proprietor for enhancing the necessary progress in an organization, the most important factor is the workers who dictate the application and efficiency of the same c onsiderations. Since the restaurant culture is to quickly promote its workers into positions of leadership, it should focus on their experience as this will be key in facilitations their effective operations. De Vries, Bakker-pieper, Oostenveld, 2010 argue that as contingency theories indicate, effective change management requires that careful structural constitution where the alignment of structures is empowered to ensure stronger flow and coordination of the major decisions assimilated by an organization for change. It is in this respect that there is need for coordination between the top management and other leaders in the restaurant which is lacking according to the case study. The top management of the restaurant should consider that a leader such as one in the case study being in the restaurant and interacting with customers and other workers posses greater knowledge to point out at the areas that need change. Palmer (2009) points out that though management of the restaurant may not necessarily apply the propositions by the leader in charge, they should view the emergent considerations to change as part of their own decisions. Besides, following the increasing demand for quality services by the staff to consumers, installation of better machineries and training employees will possibly be the best system as it would enhance their in their operations and enhance their accountability. The system will also be good in that it will employ the companys resources instead of seeking external facilities for training and practices. Figure 1: Training and installation program Time Action Expected outcomes/ suggested practical applications 2 days Install new machineries Changes in the systems outlook 2 Weeks Train employees Training on skills 1 Week Test new toasters Practical application of skills 1 Month Check customer Satisfaction Outcome evaluation 6 Months Monitoring the progress Continuous organization assessment References Alimo-Metcalfe, B., Alban-Metcalfe, J., Bradley, M., Samele, C. (2008). The impact of engaging leadership on performance, attitudes to work and wellbeing at work. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 22(6), 586-98. de Vries, R.,E., Bakker-pieper, A., Oostenveld, W. (2010). Leadership = communication? The relations of leaders communication styles with leadership styles, knowledge sharing and leadership outcomes. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(3), 367-380. DiPietro, R. B., Murphy, K. S., Rivera, M., Muller, C. (2007). Multi-unit management key success factors in the casual dining restaurant industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 19(7), 524-524. Kimes, S. E. (2005). Restaurant revenue management: Could it work? Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, 4(1), 95-97. Kimes, S. E., Thompson, G. M. (2004). Restaurant revenue management at chevys: Determining the best table mix. Decision Sciences, 35(3), 371-392. Ofori, G. (2008). Tipping points that inspire leadership. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 15(3), 212-229. Ogunlana, S. O. (2008). Performance and leadership outcome correlates of leadership styles and subordinate commitment. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 15(2), 164-184. Palmer, D. E. (2009). Business leadership: Three levels of ethical analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(3), 525-536. Waller, K. (2006). Successful restaurant management: From vision to execution. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 12(4), 381-382. Yun, S., Cox, J., Sims, H. P. Jr. (2006). The forgotten follower: A contingency model of leadership and follower self-leadership. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(4), 374-388. Sawyer, L. Melnyk, J. (2003). A midsummer day’s nightmare. Comprehensive Cases, 1-5.

All About Wireless Electricity

All About Wireless Electricity Wireless electricity is quite literally the transmission of electrical energy without wires. People often compare the wireless transmission of electrical energy as being similar to the wireless transmission of information, for example, radio, cell phones, or wi-fi internet. The major difference is that with radio or microwave transmissions, the technology focuses on recovering just the information, and not all the energy that you originally transmitted. When working with the transport of energy you want to be as efficient as possible, near or at 100 percent. Wireless electricity is a relatively new area of technology but one that is rapidly being developed. You may already be using the technology without being aware of it, for example, a cordless electric toothbrush which recharges in a cradle or the new charger pads that you can use to charge your cell phone. However, both of those examples while technically wireless do not involve any significant amount of distance, the toothbrush sits in the charging cradle and the cell phone lies on the charging pad. Developing methods of efficiently and safely transmitting energy at a distance has been the challenge. How Wireless Electricity Works There are two important terms to explain how wireless electricity works in, for example, an electric toothbrush, it works by inductive coupling and electromagnetism. According to the Wireless Power Consortium, Wireless charging, also known as inductive charging, is based on a few simple principles. The technology requires two coils: a transmitter and a receiver. An alternating current is passed through the transmitter coil, generating a magnetic field. This, in turn, induces a voltage in the receiver coil; this can be used to power a mobile device or charge a battery. To explain further, whenever you direct an electrical current through a wire there is a natural phenomenon that occurs, that a circular magnetic field is created around the wire. And if you loop/coil that wire that wires magnetic field gets stronger. If you take a second coil of wire that does not have an electrical current passing through it, and place that coil within the magnetic field of the first coil, the electric current from the first coil will travel through the magnetic field and started running through the second coil, thats inductive coupling. In an electric toothbrush, the charger is connected to a wall outlet that sends an electric current to a coiled wire inside the charger creating a magnetic field. There is a second coil inside of the toothbrush, when you place the toothbrush inside of its cradle to be charged the electric current passes through the magnetic field and sends electricity to the coil inside the toothbrush, that coil is connected to a battery which gets charged. History Wireless power transmission as an alternative to transmission line power distribution (our current system of electric power distribution) was first proposed and demonstrated by Nikola Tesla. In 1899, Tesla demonstrated wireless power transmission by powering a field of fluorescent lamps located twenty-five miles from their power source without using wires. As impressive and forward thinking as Teslas work was, at that time is was actually cheaper to build copper transmission lines rather than build the type of power generators that Teslas experiments required. Tesla ran out of research funding and at that time a practical and cost efficient method of wireless power distribution could not be developed. WiTricity Corporation While Tesla was the first person to demonstrate the practical possibilities of wireless power in 1899, today, commercially there is little more than electric toothbrushes and charger mats available, and in both technologies, the toothbrush, phone, and other small devices need to be extremely close to their chargers. However, an MIT team of researchers led by Marin Soljacic invented in 2005 a method of wireless energy transmission for household use that is practical at much greater distances. WiTricity Corp. was founded in 2007 to commercialize the new technology for wireless electricity.

Personal and Profesional Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal and Profesional Development - Essay Example 8). In this regard, it has been established that employees who are highly motivated tend to be more productive at work which translates to positive gains for the company. On the contrary, employees who are less motivated or who have low morale tend to be less productive. The conclusion that the employees of Talk Team UK are demotivated or have no morale is based on the signs that they exhibit. Human resource experts note that some of the main signs that show that employees are not motivated or have low morale include: a plunge in productivity; the production of low quality work; higher rates of absenteeism; and higher turnover (Levine 1990, p. 89; Michael Page 2014). It is evident that employees of Talk Team UK suffer low motivation by the fact that the company’s profits are falling by the day; the company is experiencing high employee turnover; and poor quality work is a common phenomenon especially toward the end of the working shift. The issue of low employee motivation is best tackled by addressing the root causes of the problem. Some of the root causes of low employee morale at Talk Team UK relate to pay, benefits, rewards, non-appreciation, lack of communication between workers and managers, and perceived lack of growth opportunities. I n a bid to tackle the issue of low motivation among employees, Talk Team UK will have to institute a raft of measures that specifically target the root causes of the problem. These measures will be discussed in the following section. One of the strategies that Talk Team UK will apply in improving the situation of the company is by revising its reward strategy. Studies show that different kinds of rewards impact on employees in different ways. While some rewards boost intrinsic motivation, others boost extrinsic motivation among different employees. Evidently, the company currently gives most employees a constant

B202 TMA01 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

B202 TMA01 - Essay Example It is applied when there is a new employee who takes a new position in an organization. This process involves a new worker being introduced to his or her managers, supervisors and colleagues. They are also shown new ways of doing things, new environment and the employment conditions to help them learn the job. For instance, at the workplace, one is introduced to the orientation on; the job requirements, office layout, local workplace issues or customs, health and safety information and the workstation. It also involves the use electronic mail and communication system, working conditions, processes and procedures. Apprenticeship is another training program where an agreement is established between a person (apprentice) who wishes to learn a skill and an employer who needs skilled employees. Apprenticeship is an industry -based learning system that involves combining the on-the -job experience with the theory learnt in the classroom. For example in an institution, apprenticeship for learners in a technical classroom may be a continuation from the secondary school system and then followed by successive years of on-the-job-training. When the apprentice completes the specified training period, a certificate of qualification is awarded. Shadowing is the type of training where individuals are given a chance to broaden their knowledge and understanding of a particular role that concerns their current department or other departments. In organizations for instance, it involves making observations on the day to day aspects of the roles, asking questions on various work practices and sharing of the best approaches that can improve on the performance of employees of an organization. Mentoring is the kind of developmental relationship whereby a person who has a long experience in a given field of study assists a person with less experience. At the workplace for instance, mentoring can take place in form of interacting face to face with persons that need constant help on how to carry out their activities. Coaching is a way through which a group of people are directed, instructed and trained with the aim of achieving a particular goal or the development of specific skills. For instance, when people are directed, it involves motivational speaking while training may involve the attending of workshops, seminars and supervised practice (Carter, and McMahon, 2005: 192). Job rotation is a situation whereby there is a lateral transfer of employees among the different positions and tasks within the workplace with the aim of acquiring different skills and responsibilities. In job rotation, the workers are given an opportunity to learn several different skills and perform those duties for a specific time period. In essence, job rotation enables individuals to gain some experience at the various phases in a business to expand their perspectives. For instance, at the senior management it may be done in readiness for a succession plan while at the lower management level job rotation may be done to ensure skill enhancement and also promotions. Tesco Supermarket It is a British supermarket with profits surpassing over billions of dollars. It has employees who are over 400,000 in number and the number of stores exceeds 3,720. It generally deals with foods, drinks, software, financial services, insurance, dental plans, electronics, clothing and internet services. Training at Tesco

Management Accounting System Design in Manufacturing Departments Essay Example for Free

Management Accounting System Design in Manufacturing Departments Essay The model was tested by means of empirical data collected from a questionnaire addressed to 160 production managers. The response rate was 82. 5%. The ? ndings provide some support for the notion that organizations adapt their MAS design to the control requirements of the situation. Furthermore, the study o? ers some empirical support for the existence of suboptimal equi? nality. That is, in situations which lack of a single dominant imperative, several alternative, and functionally equivalent management control system (MCS) designs, may arise. O 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction Since the mid-eighties, there has been a trend in manufacturing towards customization and novel approaches to organizing production, including JIT/TQM models of control (Schonberger, 1986; Womack, Jones, Roos, 1990). The pursuit of such strategies poses signi? cant challenges for the management since they typically imply intensi? ed interdependencies among functionally di? erentiated departments and new means of managing the work? ow (Bouwens Abernethy, 2000; Kalagnanam Lindsay, 1998). The multiple contingencies model stems from recognition that the demands placed on MAS design by multiple contingencies may con? ict (Fisher, 1995), i. e. , attempts to satisfy one demand may mean that other demands cannot be satis? ed. It is also explicitly assumed that the need for coordination and control can be met by several alternative, and equi? nal, management control system design strategies. The assumption is justi? ed by the long-held view that management control subsystems may not only complement each other but also substitute for each other (Fisher, 1995; Galbraith, 1973; Mintzberg, 1983). The remainder of the paper is structured as follows. The following two sections de? ne the constructs, develop the theoretical model, and conclude with a number of exploratory propositions. The process of data collection and data analysis is then detailed in the fourth section. The results of the study are presented and discussed in the ? fth and sixth sections, respectively. The last section contains concluding comments and some suggestions regarding future research. De? nition of constructs For a long time there has been an interest among scholars in documenting ? relationships between features of context in which the organization operates and its management control arrangements.

Professional Essay -- Teaching Education Careers Essays

Professional As people go through life, they most likely come upon a person who affects their life for the better, and sends them in the right direction. For some, however, they may never have a person who gives them this push, or perhaps someone had the opportunity to be that person who does the pushing, but does not. Many people have been propelled to success because of the care of another person. Some of these positive influences may include a parent, minister, or a friend. Though all three of these persons embody the needs of everybody from time to time, it is the teacher who connects these together and gives a person more that just an education. In every human’s life, they will come in direct contact with a teacher, whether it is in preschool or a jobsite. A teacher is what I have set out to be, to educate, to challenge, to push, to guide, and to nurture. The purpose of education is to prepare young people to leave the care of their parents, and build their own lives. The days of getting by with a high school diploma or just an elementary education are over. High school is only a stepping-stone to things much higher and harder, and there are many paths that students can choose from. I want my students not only to gain knowledge, but also to search with in themselves and find what they want to do, to give the students the push in the right direction to achieve their goals. Parents put their trust in teachers to prepare their children go on to bigger things; this is a responsibility that I take very seriously. I believe it is a profound injustice to a student to give them a half-hearted education and leave them behind others when they go out to compete in college or the workforce. I know the feeling of being ... ...t his long time placement. The ally that these organizations provide makes the job much easier knowing that someone is behind you. I would not want to work in any field without having the protection of an organization such as this in case something came up such as that. Looking over the last 15 years of my life, my teachers have been a great impact on my life both mentally and socially. In a rapid growing technological society, teachers are vastly needed to prepare students for the road ahead. I decided that I wanted to become a teacher so I can have an impact on someone else’s life as my teachers have done for me. Teaches bring a world of knowledge to an empty slate and push students to want more in life. Being a teacher, I will do my best to challenge my students to take the lessons that I teach and use them to make their lives the best that they can be.

Economic time-series Exam Essay

1. The variation in an economic time-series which is caused by major expansions or contractions usually of greater than a year in duration is known as: 2. Time-series forecasting models: 3. If two alternative economic models are offered, other things equal, we would 4. Smoothing techniques are a form of ____ techniques which assume that there is an underlying pattern to be found in the historical values of a variable that is being forecast. 5. The forecasting technique which attempts to forecast short-run changes and makes use of economic indicators known as leading, coincident or lagging indicators is known as: 6. For studying demand relationships for a proposed new product that no one has ever used before, what would be the best method to use? 7. If Ben Bernanke, Chair of the Federal Reserve Board, begins to tighten monetary policy by raising US interest rates next year, what is the likely impact on the value of the dollar? 8. Companies that reduce their margins on export products in the face of appreciation of their home currency may be motivated by a desire to 9. An increase in the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar relative to a trading partner can result from 10. Trading partners should specialize in producing goods in accordance with comparative advantage, then trade and diversify in consumption because 11. An appreciation of the U.S. dollar has what impact on Harley-Davidson (HD), a U.S. manufacturer of motorcycles? 12. If the British pound (â‚ ¤) appreciates by 10% against the dollar: 13. The import of Apple iPads assembled in Shanghai at a $295 wholesale price ($213 cost and $82 profit margin) adds more than it should to the U.S. trade deficit with China because 14. If the marginal product of labor is 100 and the price of labor is 10, while the marginal product of capital is 200 and the price of capital is $30, then what should the firm? 15. In a production process, an excessive amount of the variable input relative to the fixed input is being used to produce the desired output. This statement is true for: 16. Which of the following is never negative? 17. The combinations of inputs costing a constant C dollars is called: 18.  The marginal rate of technical substitution may be defined as all of the following except: 19. In a relationship among total, average and marginal products, where TP is maximized: 20. Economies of Scope refers to situations where per unit costs are: 21. Economies of scale exist whenever long-run average costs: 22. What method of inventory valuation should be used for economic decision-making problems? 23. For a short-run cost function which of the following statements is (are) not true? 24. The cost function is: 25. According to the theory of cost, specialization in the use of variable resources in the short-run results initially in: Copy this link to your browser and download:

Hamlet Act II Close Reading

William Shakespeare uses many types of literary devices to describe the very principle of Hamlet’s true battle. Hamlet compares himself to a â€Å"peasant slave† and to the talented actor, whom could give a convincing performance without feeling the true emotion. After his visit with the ghost (his supposed father), he has been dedicated to the idea of plotting revenge of his uncle-father. Although, it is difficult for Hamlet to perform this horrific act, because of his disgust of the emotionless scheming revenge. Lastly, for Hamlet to try and convince himself to follow through with this scheme, he arranges a trap to have Claudius unknowingly reveal that he is guilty. In the beginning of Hamlet’s soliloquy, he compares himself to a â€Å"rogue and peasant slave†, which points out that Hamlet is frustrated with himself. In this metaphor, Hamlet feels terrible that the actor could shed more emotion, and force his soul to feel made up feelings in a work of make-believe. The use of visual imagery is used when Hamlet describes his acting, â€Å"That from her working all his visage waned, tears in his eyes, distraction in his aspect, a broken voice, and his whole function suiting†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Here Hamlet is amazed by how easily the actor could show such emotion, and he even says â€Å"what would he do, had he the motive and the cue for passion that I have? † He knows that actor would be even more tremendous if that was the case, because the use of a hyperbole is noted when he says, â€Å"He would drown the stage with tears and cleave the general ear with horrid speech. After stating the above facts, Hamlet then looks at himself and sees himself as pathetic. His reflection of himself, describes that he is an unattractive, uncourageous mischief and protests that he primarily just mopes around and has no motivation to plot revenge and doubts his ability to achieve it. Another literary device utilized is the rhetorical questions he asks himself, â€Å"Am I a coward? Who calls me a â€Å"villain†? Breaks my pate across? Plucks off my beard and blows it in my face? Tweaks me by the nose? Gives me the lie I’ th’ throat as deep to the lungs? Again doubting himself for his lack of motivation. A bit of foreshadowing also takes place after these questions, when he asks another rhetorical question, â€Å"who does me this? ‘Swounds, I should take it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which could possibly take place later on in the play, that someone will call him out, and there is only one reason why someone would; his revenge on Claudius. Hamlet creates a conflict with himself deciding whether to go or not to go through with this horrific s cheme, but he reminds himself that his father’s life has been stolen so he must seek his revenge. Hamlet is planning to have the â€Å"players play something like the murder of [his] father before [his] uncle† that he can â€Å"observe his [his uncle’s] looks† to judge his guilt. Hamlet concludes to himself that â€Å"[he] know [his course]† of what to do if his uncle â€Å"do blench† or flinch. Shakespeare uses personification on the word murder, for he states that â€Å"murder, though it have no tongue, will speak with most miraculous organ†, referring to the situation of murder being able to speak through the actors. This is significant because it is a step forward towards Hamlet’s plot of revenge. Although, Hamlet may believe that â€Å"the spirit that [he] have seen may be the devil and devil hath power t’assume a pleasing shape†, this symbolizes the use of hell imagery and portrays the theme eye of the beholder. The devil can be very convincing and can disguise itself as something or someone we desire and enjoy. So, with that being said Hamlet concludes that â€Å"[he’ll] have grounds more relative than this. The play’s the thing wherein [he’ll] catch the conscience of the king. †

Definition and Examples of Reduplicatives in English

Definition and Examples of Reduplicatives in English A reduplicative is a word or lexeme (such as mama) that contains two identical or very similar parts. Words such as these are also called  tautonyms.  The morphological and phonological process of forming a compound word by repeating all or part of it is known as reduplication. The repeated element is called a reduplicant. David Crystal wrote in the second edition of The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language: Items with identical spoken constituents, such as  goody-goody  and  din-din, are rare. What is normal is for a single  vowel  or  consonant  to change between the first constituent and the second, such as  see-saw  and  walkie-talkie.Reduplicatives are used in a variety of ways. Some simply imitate sounds:  ding-dong, bow-wow. Some suggest alternative movements:  flip-flop, ping-pong. Some are disparaging:  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹dilly-dally, wishy-washy. And some intensify meaning:  teeny-weeny, tip-top. Reduplication is not a major means of creating lexemes in English, but it is perhaps the most unusual one.(Cambridge Univ. Press, 2003) Characteristics Reduplicatives can rhyme  but arent required to. They likely have a  figure of sound  represented in them, as alliteration (repetition of consonants) and assonance (repetition of vowel sounds) would be common in a word or phrase that doesnt change much among its parts, such as in this by Patrick B. Oliphant, Correct me if Im wrong: the gizmo is connected to the flingflang connected to the watzis, watzis connected to the doo-dad connected to the ding dong.† According to Gift of the Gob: Morsels of English Language History by Kate Burridge: The majority of...reduplicated forms involve a play on the rhyme of words. The result can be a combination of two existing words, like  flower-power  and  culture-vulture, but more usually one of the elements is meaningless, as in  superduper, or both, as in  namby-pamby. Now, it struck me the other day that a large number of these nonsense jingles begin with h. Think of  hoity-toity, higgledy-piggledy, hanky-panky, hokey-pokey, hob-nob, heebie-jeebies, hocus-pocus, hugger-mugger, hurly-burly, hodge-podge, hurdy-gurdy, hubbub, hullabaloo,  harumscarum, helter-skelter, hurry-scurry, hooley-dooley  and dont forget  Humpty Dumpty. And these are just a few!(HarperCollins Australia, 2011) Reduplicatives differ from  echo words in that there are fewer rules in forming reduplicatives. Borrowed Reduplicatives The history of reduplicatives in English starts in the Early Modern English (EMnE) era, which was about the end of the 15th century. In the third edition of A Biography of the English Language,  C.M. Millward and Mary Hayes noted:   Reduplicated words do not appear at all until the EMnE period. When they do appear, they are usually direct borrowings from some other language, such as Portuguese dodo (1628), Spanish grugru (1796) and motmot (1651), French haha ditch (1712), and Maori kaka (1774). Even the nursery words mama and papa were borrowed from French in the 17th century. So-so is probably the sole native formation from the EMnE period; it is first recorded in 1530.(Wadsworth, 2012) Morphological and Phonological Sharon Inkelas wrote in Studies on Reduplication that there are two separate methods, producing two different types or subsets of reduplication: phonological duplication and morphological reduplication. Below we list some criteria for determining when a copying effect is reduplication and when it is phonological duplication. (1) Phonological duplication serves a phonological purpose; morphological reduplication serves a morphological process (either by being a word-formation process itself or by enabling another word-formation process to take place...).(2) Phonological duplication involves a single phonological segment...; morphological reduplication involves an entire morphological constituent (affix, root, stem, word), potentially truncated to a prosodic constituent (mora, syllable, foot).(3) Phonological duplication involves, by definition, phonological identity, while morphological reduplication involves semantic, not necessarily phonological, identity.(4) Phonological duplication is local (a copied consonant is a copy of the closest consonant, for example), while morphological reduplication is not necessarily local.​  (Morphological Doubling Theory: Evidence for Morphological Doubling in Reduplication. ed. by Bernhard Hurch. Walter de Gruyter, 2005)

Pros and Cons of Compulsory Voting

Pros and Cons of Compulsory Voting Over 20 countries have some form of compulsory voting which requires citizens to register to vote and to go to their polling place or vote on election day. With secret ballots, its not really possible to prove who has or has not voted, so this process could be more accurately called compulsory turnout because voters are required to show up at their polling place on election day. Facts About Compulsory Voting One of the most well-known compulsory voting systems is in Australia. All Australian citizens over the age of 18 (except those of unsound mind or those convicted of serious crimes) must be registered to vote and show up at their polling place on election day. Australians who do not show up are subject to fines, although those who were ill or otherwise incapable of voting on election day can have their fines waived. Compulsory voting in Australia was adopted in the state of Queensland in 1915 and subsequently adopted nationwide in 1924. With Australias compulsory voting system comes additional flexibility for the voter. Elections are held on Saturdays, absent voters can vote in any state polling place, and voters in remote areas can vote before an election at pre-poll voting centers or via mail. Voter turnout of those registered to vote in Australia was as low as 47 percent prior to the 1924 compulsory voting law. In the decades since 1924, voter turnout has hovered around 94 to 96 percent. In 1924, Australian officials felt that compulsory voting would eliminate voter apathy. However, compulsory voting now has its detractors. The Australian Electoral Commission provides some arguments in favor and against compulsory voting. Arguments in Favor Voting is a civic duty comparable to other duties citizens perform (e.g. taxation, compulsory education, or jury duty).Parliament reflects more accurately the will of the electorate.Governments must consider the total electorate in policy formulation and management.Candidates can concentrate their campaigning energies on issues, rather than encouraging voters to attend the poll.The voter isnt actually compelled to vote for anyone because voting is by secret ballot. Arguments Used Against Compulsory Voting Some suggest that it is undemocratic to force people to vote and is an infringement of liberty.The ignorant and those with little interest in politics are forced to the polls.It may increase the number of donkey votes (votes for a random candidate by people who feel that they are required to vote by law).It may increase the number of informal votes (ballot papers which are not marked according to the rules for voting).Resources must be allocated to determine whether those who failed to vote have valid and sufficient reasons. Source Compulsory Voting. Australian Electoral Commission, May 18, 2011.

Bullying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Bullying - Essay Example The rise of these technologies has resulted into a new form of bullying known as cyber bullying (Donegan 1). The new form of bullying has been on the increase in various communities set up. However, the problem has been rampant in various school causing grave effects. A reflection on bullying helps in understanding its effects in school. Bullying has been on the rise in various schools. Bullying is described as strange and extreme behavior usually among schoolchildren perpetrated by individuals having an advantage in terms of physical strength, popularity, or possession of damaging information (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services 1). The problem is usually repeated severally causing problems to the perpetrators and those targeted. Bullying may entail one of the following actions; making threats, spreading rumors, attack either physical or verbal, avoiding someone in a group or purpose (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services 1). Mostly, bullying occur during and after school hours (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services 1). Bullying occurs in various ways. First, it may arise through utterance or authoring mean things concerning an individual. Verbal bullying, on the other hand, may entail teasing, inappropriate comments, and threatening to cause harm (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services 1). Secondly, there are social bullying mostly perpetrated using social sites. Such form of bullying hurts someone reputation or relationship (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services 1). The problem is mostly perpetrated by spreading rumors about an individual. The other common form of perpetration is by use of physical strength. The effect of the challenge is through hurting a person’s body or possessions (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services 1). Bullying is a serious problem due to harm it cases in the society. First, it affects students in various ways. It may lead to health effects such as

ANISHINABBE STUDIES ( FINAL PAPER) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ANISHINABBE STUDIES ( FINAL PAPER) - Essay Example At the time of its passage in 1876, the law was primarily a consolidation of numerous laws regarding the Native Indians previously enacted by the British colonial government in North America. However, currently, the scope of the act is wide ranging covering governance of the Indians such as the Anishinabbe, native lad use, education, healthcare among other aspects of the aboriginal lives. This paper presents an expanded perspective of the Indian Act with particular emphasis to its possible connections or impact on the people of Anishinabbe. The original justification of the Indian act was to assimilate the members of the first nations into the Canadian civilization through a process known as enfranchisement. Prior to a federal recognition as an Indian within Canada or the broader U.S, a person should be in a position to abide by very unique government regulation standards. In this light, the Canadian Indian Act has more meaning than a set of laws that have managed to control every perspective of Indian life for more than a century. In the capacity of a regulatory regime, the act provides a means through which people can understand Native identity whilst coordinating a conceptual framework which has been key in shaping the current Native lives in a manner that looks rather familiar and tending to natural. This paper explores different aspects of the Indian Act including the amendments and policies that have been enacted through the Indian Act. The Indian Act refers to Canada-based federal law governing in matters regarding bands, status as well as Indian reserves. The Act has a broader scope that revolves around issues like governance, education, healthcare as well as land use. History reveals a paternalistic and highly invasive perspective of this act, since it grants the Canadian federal government the authority to control and oversee the affairs plus daily lives of all reserve communities and