Effective Communication Skills in Health Care Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Healthcare literacy includes areas in language writing and speaking and the use of relevant technology to relay information and knowledge to people in the healthcare environment. Health literacy is the process in which people can acquire understanding and use health information to improve their health. Through literacy, parents and children can help in preventing disease, improving health and enhancing quality of life. (Lambert & Keogh, 2014) Health literacy also means having adequate understanding of â€Å"health-related information† so that a patient or parent/caregiver can act accordingly to what he/she has read and heard. Listening skills are as important as reading fundamentals. How a patient understands health information can influence his/her ability to keep the doctor’s instructions and prescriptions and improve health. If parents and children are not literate and cannot easily understand health information and instructions, there can be a problem in the treatment process. (Lambert & Keogh, 2014) Health literacy encompasses areas in the educational system, mass media and the health system. It seems complex but can be simplified through a framework provided in figure 1. Figure 1. Framework for health literacy SOURCE: Lambert and Keogh (2014) Healthcare literacy is one aspect of effective healthcare communication. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Communication Skills in Health Care or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now But concern for communication should also focus on how the two sides of the communication process should interact. How should communication be done? One author recommends SOLER, the process of effective communication. Burnard (1997) maintains that good listening techniques can result in effective communication. The behavior of listening influences effective communication in healthcare. Egan (1990 as cited in Burnard, 1997) suggests ways in the conduct of counselor behavior and offers SOLER, an acronym in the process of effective communication. Sit right in front of the patient Open position should be kept Lean a bit towards the patient Eye contact with the patient must be maintained Relax should not be the last word but the communication should have a relaxed atmosphere. Sitting in front of the client acknowledges the process of open communication. When the healthcare professional is opposite the client, he/she can witness all facets of communication. An open position encourages the client to speak freely. It is also a form of encouragement for the client to express his/her complaints in the treatment process. There are actions or words that portray messages which show that doctor is listening attentively, such as the use of head nods, or plain â€Å"yes, † or short sounds of â€Å"mm†, or gestures and words that portray attentiveness and the act of listening, or telling that the client is not alone.

Cancer The Virulent Disease Essay - 863 Words

An ordinary human body contains approximately one trillion cells and precisely 46 chromosomes in each cell. However, the human body can be altered by a genetic mutation. Over the course of history, genetic mutations have had a large impact on the human race. They have brought harm to numerous amounts of people. Cancer, in particular, is one of the most lethal diseases. Cancer begins when a portion of DNA inside a chromosome is damaged, causing a cell to mutate. Then, the mutated cell reproduces multiple times and creates a tumor. Afterwards, cancer cells break off of the tumor, enter the bloodstream, and disperse throughout the body. If the cells break off, the tumor is considered malignant - this type of cancer is very difficult to cure.†¦show more content†¦The p53 gene is found in the nucleus of every cell in the human body and its main role is to prevent cancer cells evolving† (Does Smoking Cause Cancer?). The poisonous chemicals in cigarettes weaken a gene that pr otects the body from receiving cancer. Without the p53 gene, people become more susceptible to this harmful disease. In order to prevent cancer, society must learn to not use tobacco products. Furthermore, having an unhealthy diet provokes cancer. When explaining foods that increase the risk of cancer, the author writes, â€Å"Certain chemicals are made when red and processed meats are cooked at high temperatures, such as on a barbecue. These chemicals can damage our cells, making them more likely to become cancerous† (Diet Causing Cancer). Cooking processed meat at a high temperature can create noxious chemicals. If one consumes this type of meat, it is like he/she is smoking a cigarette. The poisonous toxins in the meat infiltrate the body and alter the structure of cells, causing the cells to be cancerous. The author goes on to declare, â€Å"Overweight or obese people have an increased risk of pancreatic cancer†¦ because they tend to have higher insulin levels† (Diet Causing Cancer). People who have unhealthy diets are generally overweight or obese. These obese people have a higher level of insulin because their diets consist of large amounts of sug ar. Insulin is created in the pancreas. When the pancreas has to â€Å"work harder† than usual toShow MoreRelatedSkin Cancer Essay553 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Cancer†, its a disease that has claim the lives of millions, its a disease that so far has no known cure, and its a disease that has many different forms. Cancer is defined as â€Å"a malignant form of tumors, which are tissue masses that arise through mutations in the genes that govern cell growth and division† (Starr, 1999, p. 213). Skin cancer is just one of the many forms of cancer that effects us and is the most common cancer in the U.S. Like so many others, I would assume that the major cause ofRead More Optimizing Chloroquine to Make a Better Drug to Fight Malaria1416 Words   |  6 Pagescure against the parasitic infection. However, a new strain of malaria, plasmodium falciparum, has proven to be resistant against chloroquine and other cures we have for this virulent disease. Should man then cast aside this antique drug? Not before trying to optimize it to once again combat malaria. There has been a disease that has never been completely assessed nor understood, yet it has been a scourge to humanity for centuries. Consequently, it has never quite been fought off. Malaria hasRead MorePreventing Cervical Cancer through HPV Vaccinations Essay examples856 Words   |  4 Pages Cervical Cancer is the second most common cancer for women yet it is the most common cancer of the reproductive system. 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And George said yes† (Skloot 41). Sadly, Henrietta would never know of the exciting history her cells would soon be making. She passed away on October 4, 1951 of cervical cancer. She was thirtyRead MoreEssay on Fungal Infections in Immunocompromised Hosts1241 Words   |  5 PagesT-Lymphocyte deficit and decline, renal dysfunction, HIV infection, cancer, treatment with immunosuppres sive drugs and organ transplantation. According to Levy et al, HIV infection lowers both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts of the host and weaken the immune defence important in fighting any infection. Consequently, Candida albicans uses its yeast-hyphal switch to penetrate into deep epithelial walls and endothelia human tissues to cause disease. In addition, Candida albicans possesses cAMP dependant pathwaysRead MoreThe Connection between Diet and Cancer Essay1536 Words   |  7 PagesThe Connection between Diet and Cancer Cancer is a disease that can affect many different body parts. But no matter which body part is affected, cancer always involves cells that, due to various causes, go through genetic changes such that they start to proliferate wildly. In most forms of cancer the expanding masses of cells form tumors that eventually push against and invade neighboring tissue, disrupting body systems. In the course of time they may metastasize, travel via the blood or lymphRead MoreEssay about Reading guide chapter 19662 Words   |  3 Pagesgenomes and capsid proteins self-assemble into new virus particles, which exit the cell 6. What is the phage reproductive cycle that culminates in the death of the host cell? The lytic cycle 7. What kind of phage only reproduces by a lytic cycle? A virulent phage 8. How do bacteria defend themselves against phages? Through restriction enzymes 9. What are the steps of the lytic cycle of a T4 phage? 1.) Attachment 2.) Entry of phage DNA and degradation of host DNA 3.) 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The Greek Olympics Essay Research Paper Early free essay sample

The Grecian Olympics Essay, Research Paper Early Western Civilization A Gift of Peace from the Past, The Ancient Olympics Since 1896, the twelvemonth the Olympics were resurrected from antediluvian history, the Olympics have been a symbol of the chumminess and harmoniousness possible on a planetary graduated table. The assemblage of athletic representatives, the pride of the battalion, from take parting authoritiess, even throughout the recent Cold War period, is proof that universe integrity is possible ; merely as it was in Ancient Greece with the polis or city states. Olympic Games were held throughout Ancient Greece, but the most celebrated are the games that were held in Olympia in award of Zeus every four old ages from August 6th to September 19th. The first record of these games is of one Coroebus of Elis, a cook, winning a dash race in 776 BC. Most historiographers believe the games to hold been traveling on for about 500 old ages before this. We will write a custom essay sample on The Greek Olympics Essay Research Paper Early or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the twelvemonth Coroebus was made a portion of history, there was seemingly merely one simple event, a race called the stade. The path was said to be one stade long or approximately 210 paces. In subsequent games, extra events were to be added, most likely to increase the challenge to these astonishing jocks. In 724 BC, the diaulos, a two stade race, was added, followed by a long distance race, about 2? stat mis and called the Dolichos, at the following games four old ages subsequently. Wrestling and the celebrated Pentathlon were introduced in 708 BC. The Pentathlon consisted of five events ; the long leap, javelin throw, discus throw, pes race, and wrestle. The Pentathlons, particularly the successful 1s, were frequently treated and even worshipped like Gods. Because of their keen builds, they were used as the theoretical accounts for statues of the Grecian Gods. The superior athletic ability of these jocks affects the games even today. The distortion and throwing method of the discus throw, which originated in Ancient Greece, is still used today. The original events were even more ambitious than those of today. The modern discus weighs in at merely 5 lbs, tierce of the original weight, and the long leaps were done with the contestant transporting a five lb weight in each manus. The cavity to be traversed in this leap allowed for a 50 pes leap, compared to merely over 29 pess in our modern Olympics. Apparently, the carried weights, used right, could make impulse to transport the jock farther. Legend has it that one Olympic cleared the full cavity by about 5 pess, interrupting both legs as he landed. One important difference between the modern and ancient games ; the original Olympians competed in the nude. Because of this, the 45,000 witnesss consisted of work forces and unwed virgin adult females merely. The lone exclusion to this would be the priestess of Demeter who was besides the merely witness honored with a place. The immature unwed adult females were allowed to watch to present them to work forces in all their luster and ferociousness whereas it was felt that married adult females should non see what they could non hold. In add-on, the virgins had their ain event which occurred on the work forces? s spiritual twenty-four hours of remainder. Called the Haria, in award of Hara the married woman of Zeus, the immature adult females would race dressed in a short adventitia which exposed the right chest. Traditionally, Spartan adult females dominated this event, being trained from birth for merely this intent. The spiritual undertones of the events became highly evident O N the 3rd twenty-four hours of the games when a herd of 100 cattles were killed as a forfeit to Zeus. In actuality, merely the most useless parts were burned in award of Zeus ; most of the meat would be cooked and eaten that twenty-four hours. The forfeits were conducted on a immense conic alter built up from the ashes of antecedently sacrificed animate beings. The hill was so big, the Greeks would cut stairss into the cone after detecting it could be hardened by adding H2O and drying. Another clever innovation was a system to forestall early starts in the pes races. It consisted of a saloon in forepart of the smugglers to guarantee they all start at the same clip. This most likely was viewed as a approval by the rivals, as old to this, they would be beaten by the Judgess with rods for an early leap. This system led to the excessive mechanisms used for get downing the chariot races in 680 BC. Other debuts to the games were packaging in 688 BC, the pancratium, a no-holds barricaded signifier of wrestle, in 648 BC, and finally some events for male childs between 632 and 616 BC. The Olympics of old were wholly a adult male on adult male competition. No records were kept to be broken but a few astonishing fables of the games have survived the trial of clip. Aegeus, for case, was said to hold completed his competition and so to run place to Argos, over 60 stat mis off, in one twenty-four hours. Milo, one of the most feared Olympians of Ancient Greece, was said to hold carried a full adult bull to the sphere, butchered it, and ate the full animate being in one twenty-four hours. Not surprisingly, he was said to hold one many a wrestling lucifer by the forfeiture of his opposition. He besides walked off with six back-to-back Olympic Crown. These fables, for all their blood, perspiration, and cryings, were awarded an olive subdivision from the tree behind the alter of Zeus when they won. Fortunately, the parts they represented were normally slightly more grateful for conveying honor place. It was non uncommon for the masters to have free nutrient for life, money, or other valuable offers. They were frequently worshipped as Gods and sometimes their perspiration was preserved and sold as a charming potion. In the ulterior old ages of the games, an extra event was added which signaled the terminal of the games and the return to the war ridden life of ancient history. Soldiers, adorned with a full organic structure of armour weighing upwards of 50 lbs, would vie in a pes race. Unfortunately, even the evident athletic ability of these soldiers could non forestall the autumn of Greece to Rome in the center of the 2nd century BC. Under Roman regulation, the Olympics began to lose its ardor until it was abolished in 393 Ad by the Christian Roman emperor Theodosius I who most likely objected to the heathen rites associated with the Olympics. Some historiographers believe that even after the official abolition of the Olympic gamess, it may hold survived for an extra 120 old ages. Its subsequent resurgence in 1896 was brought approximately by the find of the ancient bowl. Since that clip, it has been held every four old ages, in conformity with tradition, being interrupted merely for the two universe wars. The competition of the states in these events represents the age old competitory spirit of adult male. The demand for people to take pride in something larger than themselves and experience as if they are portion of a greater good. The Olympics, today every bit good as 3,000 old ages ago, offers a non-combative environment to make so.

The Cystic Fibrosis Gene Essay Paper Example For Students

The Cystic Fibrosis Gene Essay Paper Word Count: 2443Introduction:Cystic fibrosis is an inherited autosomal recessive disease that exerts its main effects on the digestive system and the lungs. This disease is the most common genetic disorder amongst Caucasians. Cystic fibrosis affects about one in 2,500 people, with one in twenty five being a heterozygote. With the use of antibiotics, the life span of a person afflicted with CF can be extended up to thirty years however, most die before the age of thirteen.1 Since so many people are affected by this disease, its no wonder that CF was the first human genetic disease to be cloned by geneticists. In this paper, I will be focusing on how the cystic fibrosis gene was discovered while at the same time, discussing the protein defect in the CF gene, the bio-chemical defect associated with CF, and possible treatments of the disease. Finding :The classical genetic approach to finding the gene that is responsible for causing a genetic disease has been to first characterize the bi o-chemical defect within the gene, then to identify the mutated protein in the gene of interest, and finally to locate the actual gene. However, this classical approach proved to be impractical when searching for the CF gene. To find the gene responsible for CF, the principle of reverse genetics was applied. Scientists accomplished this by linking the disease to a specific chromosome. After this linkage, they isolated the gene of interest on the chromosome and then tested its product.2Before the disease could be linked to a specific chromosome, a marker needed to be found that would always travel with the disease. This marker is known as a Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism or RFLP for short. RFLPs are varying base sequences of DNA in different individuals which are known to travel with genetic disorders.3 The RFLP for cystic fibrosis was discovered through the techniques of Somatic Cell Hybridization and through Southern Blot Electrophoresis (gel separation of DNA). By using these techniques, three RFLPs were discovered for CF; Doc RI, J3.11, and Met. Utilizing in situ hybridization, scientists discovered the CF gene to be located on the long arm of chromosome number seven. Soon after identifying these markers, another marker was discovered that segregated more frequently with CF than the other markers. This meant the new marker was closer to the CF gene. At this time, two scientists named Lap-Chu Tsui and Francis Collins were able to isolate probes from the CF interval. They were now able to utilize to powerful technique of chromosome jumping to speed up the time required to isolate the CF gene much faster than if they were to use conventional genetic techniques.3In order to determine the exact location of the CF gene, probes were taken from the nucleotide sequence obtained from chromosome jumping. To get these probes, DNA from a horse, a cow, a chicken, and a mouse were separated using Southern Blot electrophoresis. Four probes were found to bind to a ll of the vertebrates DNA. This meant that the base pairs within the probes discovered contained important information, possibly even the gene. Two of the four probes were ruled out as possibilities because they did not contain open reading frames which are segments of DNA that produce the mRNA responsible for genes. We will write a custom essay on The Cystic Fibrosis Gene Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Northern Blot electrophoresis technique was then used to distinguish between the two probes still remaining in order to find out which one actually contained the CF gene. This could be accomplished because Northern Blot electrophoresis utilizes RNA instead of DNA. The RNA of cell types affected with CF, along with the RNA of unaffected cell types were placed on a gel. Probe number two bound to the RNA of affected cell types in the pancreas, colon, and nose, but did not bind to the RNA from non-affected cell types like those of the brain and heart. Probe number one did not bind exclusively to cell types from CF affected areas like probe number two did. From this evidence, it was determined that probe number two contained the CF gene. While isolating the CF gene and screening the genetic library made from mRNA (cDNA library), it was discovered that probe number two did not hybridize. The chances for hybridization may have been decreased because of the low levels of the CF gene present within the probe. Hybridization chances could also have been decreased because the cDNA used was not made from the correct cell type affected with CF. The solution to this lack of hybridization was to produce a cDNA library made exclusively from CF affected cells. This new library was isolated from cells in sweat glands. By using this new cDNA library, probe number two was found to hybridize excessively. It was theorized that this success was due to the large amount of the CF gene present in the sweat glands, or the gene itself could have been involved in a large protein family. Nevertheless, the binding of the probe proved the CF gene was present in the specific sequence of nucleotide bases being analyzed. The isolated gene was prov en to be responsible for causing CF by comparing its base pair sequence to the base pair sequence of the same sequence in a non-affected cell. The entire CF cDNA sequence is approximately 6,000 nucleotides long. In those 6,000 n.t.s, three base pairs were found to be missing in affected cells, all three were in exon #10. This deletion results in the loss of a phenylalanine residue and it accounts for seventy percent of the CF mutations. In addition to this three base pair deletion pattern, up to 200 different mutations have been discovered in the gene accounting for CF, all to varying degrees. .ue4d758dfe42f132a5ad29e9ba818a9da , .ue4d758dfe42f132a5ad29e9ba818a9da .postImageUrl , .ue4d758dfe42f132a5ad29e9ba818a9da .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue4d758dfe42f132a5ad29e9ba818a9da , .ue4d758dfe42f132a5ad29e9ba818a9da:hover , .ue4d758dfe42f132a5ad29e9ba818a9da:visited , .ue4d758dfe42f132a5ad29e9ba818a9da:active { border:0!important; } .ue4d758dfe42f132a5ad29e9ba818a9da .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue4d758dfe42f132a5ad29e9ba818a9da { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue4d758dfe42f132a5ad29e9ba818a9da:active , .ue4d758dfe42f132a5ad29e9ba818a9da:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue4d758dfe42f132a5ad29e9ba818a9da .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue4d758dfe42f132a5ad29e9ba818a9da .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue4d758dfe42f132a5ad29e9ba818a9da .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue4d758dfe42f132a5ad29e9ba818a9da .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue4d758dfe42f132a5ad29e9ba818a9da:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue4d758dfe42f132a5ad29e9ba818a9da .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue4d758dfe42f132a5ad29e9ba818a9da .ue4d758dfe42f132a5ad29e9ba818a9da-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue4d758dfe42f132a5ad29e9ba818a9da:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animal Cruelty? EssayThe Protein Defect:The Cystic Fibrosis gene is located at 7q31-32 on chromosome number seven and spans about 280 kilo base pairs of genomic DNA. It contains twenty four exons.4 This gene codes for a protein involved in trans-membrane ion transport called the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator or CFTR. The 1,480 amino acid protein structure of CFTR closely resembles the protein structure of the ABC-transporter super family. It is made up of similar halves, each containing a nucleotide-binding fold (NBF), or an ATP-binding complex, and a membrane spanning domain (MSD). The MSD makes up the transmembrane Cl- channels. There is also a Regu latory Domain (R-Domain) that is located mid-protein which separates both halves of the channels. The R-Domain is unique to CFTR and is not found in any other ABC-transporter. It contains multiple predicted binding sites for protein kinase A and protein Kinase C.4 Mutations in the first MDS are mainly found in exon #4 and exon #7. These types of mutations have been predicted to alter the selectivity of the chloride ion channels.4 Mutations that are in the first NBF are predominant in CFTR. As previously mentioned, 70 percent of the mutations arising in CF cases are deletions of three base pairs in exon #10. These three base pairs give rise to phenylalanine and a mutation at this site is referred to as DF508.5 Such a mutation appears not to interfere with R-Domain phosphorylation and has even been reported to transport chloride ions.6;7 There are five other frequent mutations that occur in the first NBF. The first is a deletion of an isoleucine residue, DF507. The second is a substit ution of glycine or amino acid #551 by aspartic acid/F551D. The third involves stop mutations at arginine #553 and glycine #542. The fourth is substitutions of serine #549 by various other residues. The fifth is a predicted splicing mutation at the start of exon #11.7Mutations within the R-Domain are extremely rare. The only reason they do occur is because of frameshifts. Frameshifts are mutations occurring due to the starting of the reading frame one or two nucleotides later than in the normal gene translation.4Mutations in the second membrane spanning domain of the CFTR are also very rare and have only been detected in exon #17b. These have no relevance to mutations occurring in the first membrane spanning domain. They apparently do not have a significant impact on the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator either.4Mutations in the second nucleotide-binding fold occur frequently in exon #19 and exon #20 by the deletion of a stop signal at amino acid number 1282. Exon #21 is sometimes mutated by the substitution of asparagine #1303 with lysine #N1303K.4The Bio-Chemical Defect:Studies of the chloride channels on epithelial cells lining the lungs, sweat glands, and pancreas have shown a consensus in that the activation of chloride secretion in response to cAMP (adenosine 3, 5-monophosphate) is impaired in cystic fibrosis cases. Another affected, independently regulated chloride channel that has been discovered is activated by calcium-dependent protein kinases. Sodium ions have also been noted to be increasingly absorbed by apical sodium channels.8 Therefore, the lack of regulated chloride ion transport across the apical membranes and apical absorption of sodium ions, impedes the extracellular presence of water. Water will diffuse osmotically into cells and will thus cause the dehydration of the sol (5- mm fluid layer of the cell membrane) and the gel (blanket of mucus) produced by epithelial cells.9 As a result of this diffusion of water, airways b ecome blocked and pancreatic proteins turn inactive. An Account of the Absorption and Secretion of Cl-, Na+, and Proteins:An inward, electrochemical Na+ gradient is generated by the Na+, K+-ATPase pump located in the basolateral membrane (the cell side facing the organ it is lining). A basolateral co-transporter then uses the Na+ gradient to transport Cl- into the cell against its own gradient. This is done in such a way that when the apical Cl- channels within the membrane spanning domain open, Cl- diffuse passively with their gradient through the cell membrane.4In pancreatic duct cells, a Na+, H+-ATPase pump is used and a bicarbonate secretion is exchanged for Cl- uptake in the apical membrane. Chloride ions then diffuse passively when the Cl- channels are opened. Such secretions also allow for the exocytosis of proteins in the pancreas which will later be taken into the small intestines for the breaking down of carbohydrates.4In addition to the pump-driven gradients and secretion s, there exists autonomic neurotransmitter secretions from epithelial cells and exocrine glands. Fluid secretion, including Cl-, is stimulated predominately by cholinergic, a-adrenergic mechanisms, and the b-adrenergic actions.4 Such chemical messengers cannot enter the cell, they can only bind to specific receptors on the cell surface and transmit messages to and through an intracellular messenger such as Ca2+ and cAMP by increasing their concentration. The intracellular message is transmitted across the cell by either diffusion or by a direct cascade. One example of a directed cascade is the following:Possible Treatments For Cystic Fibrosis:One suggested treatment for CF has been to provide the missing chemicals to the epithelial cells. This can be accomplished by the addition of adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cAMP) or the addition of the nucleotide triphosphates ATP or UTP to cultures of nasal and tracheal epithelia. This has been proven to alter the rate of Cl- secretion by removi ng the 5-mmeter sol layer of fluid in the respiratory tract.9 Moreover, luminal application of the compound amiloride, which inhibits active Na+ absorption by blocking Na+ conductance in the apical membrane, reduced cell secretion and absorption to a steady state value. .u565d1dd1930a293c38b53bded2c0c778 , .u565d1dd1930a293c38b53bded2c0c778 .postImageUrl , .u565d1dd1930a293c38b53bded2c0c778 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u565d1dd1930a293c38b53bded2c0c778 , .u565d1dd1930a293c38b53bded2c0c778:hover , .u565d1dd1930a293c38b53bded2c0c778:visited , .u565d1dd1930a293c38b53bded2c0c778:active { border:0!important; } .u565d1dd1930a293c38b53bded2c0c778 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u565d1dd1930a293c38b53bded2c0c778 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u565d1dd1930a293c38b53bded2c0c778:active , .u565d1dd1930a293c38b53bded2c0c778:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u565d1dd1930a293c38b53bded2c0c778 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u565d1dd1930a293c38b53bded2c0c778 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u565d1dd1930a293c38b53bded2c0c778 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u565d1dd1930a293c38b53bded2c0c778 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u565d1dd1930a293c38b53bded2c0c778:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u565d1dd1930a293c38b53bded2c0c778 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u565d1dd1930a293c38b53bded2c0c778 .u565d1dd1930a293c38b53bded2c0c778-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u565d1dd1930a293c38b53bded2c0c778:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: King Lear Persuasive EssayAnother treatment that has been suggested is to squirt solutions of genetically engineered cold viruses in an aerosol form into the nasal passages and into the lungs of people infected with CF. This is done in hopes that the virus will transport corrected copies of the mutated gene into the affected persons airways so it can replace the mutated nucleotides.10 This form of treatment is known as gene therapy. A different approach taken in an attempt to cure cystic fibrosis involves correcting the disease while the affected person is still an embryo. Test tube fertilization (in vitro fertilization) and diagnosis of F508 during embryonic development can be accomplished through a biopsy of a cleavage-stage embryo, and amplification of DNA from single embryonic cells.5 After this treatment, only unaffected embryos would be selected for implantation into the uterus. Affected embryos would be discarded. Conclusion:Chloride conductance channels have dramatic potentials. One channel can conduct from 1106 to 1108 ions per second.8 This is particularly impressive when you consider the fact that there are not many channels present on cells to perform the required tasks. As a result of this, a mutation of one channel or even a partial mutation of a channel, that causes a decrease in the percentage of channel openings, can exert a major effect. Even the mildest of cures altering the Cystic Fibrosis Conductance Regulator in CF afflicted people would lead to significant improvements in that individuals health. Since cystic fibrosis is the most common genetic disorder, particularly amongst Caucasians, in todays society, intense research efforts towards its cure would be invaluable. When will cystic fibrosis be completely cured? No one can say for sure but, strong steps have already been taken towards reaching this goal.